It offered increased performance and storage capacity over the original IBM PC and sold for about $4,000. Which of the following is one strategy often used in online courses to ensure academic integrity? Xerox PARC physicist Gary Starkweather realizes in 1967 that exposing a copy machines light-sensitive drum to a paper original isnt the only way to create an image. Using this system, the machine could work faster than any other at the time on a problem that could be parceled out among the many processors. This real-time information system began operating in the early 1960s. The Roadrunner is the first computer to reach a sustained performance of 1 petaflop (one thousand trillion floating point operations per second). The machine came with 256 bytes of memory (expandable to 64 KB) and an open 100-line bus structure that evolved into the S-100 standard widely used in hobbyist and personal computers of this era. Its founders were Ken and Stan Olsen, and Harlan Anderson. Lisa itself, and especially its GUI, were inspired by earlier work at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. The 501 is built on a 'building block' concept which allows it to be highly flexible for many different uses and could simultaneously control up to 63 tape drivesvery useful for large databases of information. The Manchester Mark I used more than 1,300 vacuum tubes and occupied an area the size of a medium room. The 701 introduction also marked the beginning of IBMs entry into the large-scale computer market, a market it came to dominate in later decades. What is a key technological infrastructure resource for online teaching? The function of an output device is to: Selected Answer: Convert electronic information produced by the computer system into human-intelligible form for presentation to end-users. ____ operating systems are typically used for a network platform. It used two different microprocessors: an IBM POWER XCell L8i and AMD Opteron. The notion of storing both data and instructions in memory became known as the stored program concept to distinguish it from earlier methods of instructing a computer. With a screen resolution of up to 400 pixels-per-inch (PPI), Retina displays approached the limit of pixel visibility to the human eye. The Macintosh was the first successful mouse-driven computer with a graphical user interface and was based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. The first Kindle featured wireless access to content via Amazon.com, along with an SD card slot allowing increased storage. It was developed as a versatile instrument controller for HP's growing family of programmable test and measurement products. IBMs first personal computer, the system was designed to run the APL programming language in a compact, briefcase-like enclosure which comprised a keyboard, CRT display, and cassette tape storage. When Xerox PARC loaned the Stanford Engineering Department an entire Alto Ethernet network with laser printer, graduate student Andy Bechtolsheim re-designed it into a prototype that he then attached to Stanfords computer network. Compaq's success launched a market for IBM-compatible computers that by 1996 had achieved an 83-percent share of the personal computer market. A driver education teacher might use this kind of software to let students "practice" driving before actually getting in a car. The first of several personal computers released in 1977, the PET comes fully assembled with either 4 or 8 KB of memory, a built-in cassette tape drive, and a membrane keyboard. Under the auspices of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant, biomedical research faculty from around the United States came to a workshop at MIT to build their own LINCs, and then bring them back to their home institutions where they would be used. The ASCI Red, based on the design of the Intel Paragon, was built by IBM and delivered to Sandia National Laboratories. At MIT, researchers begin experimenting with direct keyboard input to computers, a precursor to todays normal mode of operation. The Moore School Building at the University of Pennsylvania. Answer: . By 2011, over 2.4 million laptops had been shipped. Within a year, he had built the worlds first laser printer, launching a new era in computer printing, generating billions of dollars in revenue for Xerox. Their first product, the HP 200A Audio Oscillator, rapidly became a popular piece of test equipment for engineers. The first advertisement for a microprocessor, the Intel 4004, appears in Electronic News. The PC era ended Wangs success, and it filed for bankruptcy in 1992. What kind of software tool are Notebook and ActivInspire examples of? Apollo and its main competitor, Sun Microsystems, optimized their machines to run the computer-intensive graphics programs common in engineering and scientific applications. Leaving Palm Inc., Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins found Handspring. Both faced strong competition from the Apple II, Commodore PET, and TRS-80 computers. The PowerBook 100 was the entry-level machine, while the PowerBook 140 was more powerful and had a larger memory. Simon featured on the November 1950 Scientific American cover, The hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics publishes Edmund Berkeley's design for the Simon 1 relay computer from 1950 to 1951. Zuse later supervised a reconstruction of the Z3 in the 1960s, which is currently on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. Sun Microsystems grows out of this prototype. The basic computer cost $28,500. The trio soon attracted UC Berkeley UNIX guru Bill Joy, who led software development. With the success of the clone, Compaq recorded first-year sales of $111 million, the most ever by an American business in a single year. In a widely circulated paper, mathematician John von Neumann outlines the architecture of a stored-program computer, including electronic storage of programming information and data -- which eliminates the need for more clumsy methods of programming such as plugboards, punched cards and paper. There is an inconsistency between states in the classification of ELL students. Instruction for which all students "meet" with the instructor by video at a designated time of day would be an example of this kind of distance course. One of Britain's leading computer companies, Acorn continued the Archimedes line, which grew to nearly twenty different models, into the 1990s. The 6502 and its progeny are still used today, usually in embedded applications. Called the Model K Adder because he built it on his Kitchen table, this simple demonstration circuit provides proof of concept for applying Boolean logic to the design of computers, resulting in construction of the relay-based Model I Complex Calculator in 1939. 2.4 trillion. Bill Gates and Paul Allen licensed their BASIC programming language interpreter to MITS as the main language for the Altair. microcomputer: A microcomputer is a complete computer on a smaller scale and is generally a synonym for the more common term, personal computer or PC , a computer designed for an individual. Commodore releases the VIC-20 home computer as the successor to the Commodore PET personal computer. spreadsheet What is the function of an IEP generator? Powerful microcomputers developed for use by commercial, educational and government enterprises are called ____. The kit was the cover story of hobbyist magazine Radio-Electronics in July 1974 six months before the MITS Altair 8800 was in rival Popular Electronics magazine. The handwriting recognition software was much maligned for inaccuracy. For many business users, quick access to this huge storage capability outweighed its relatively slow processing speed. Designer Thi Truong developed the computer while Philippe Kahn wrote the software. MADDIDA (Magnetic Drum Digital Differential Analyzer) prototype. Modeled after the Cambridge University EDSAC computer, the president of Lyons Tea Co. has the LEO built to solve the problem of production scheduling and delivery of cakes to the hundreds of Lyons tea shops around England. If a social studies teacher wanted to poll students anonymously about their opinions on a local issue, what tool might she use to gather their data? Millions of Apple IIs were sold between 1977 and 1993, making it one of the longest-lived lines of personal computers. All these previous chips set the stage for the first PC processors. The first microcomputer was the Intel 4004, introduced in 1971. The HP-35 helped HP become one of the most dominant companies in the handheld calculator market for more than two decades. Dollars. Information systems whose purpose is to glean from raw data relationships and trends that might help organizations compete better are called business intelligence (BI) systems. Intel and Zilog introduced new microprocessors. An early transistorized computer, the NEAC (Nippon Electric Automatic Computer) includes a CPU, console, paper tape reader and punch, printer and magnetic tape units. Quizlet is the only app you need to study and learn. Colossus reduced the time to break Lorenz messages from weeks to hours. Arduino soon became the main computer platform of the worldwide Maker movement. What set the 486 apart was its optimized instruction set, with an on-chip unified instruction and data cache and an optional on-chip floating-point unit. A microcomputer contains a microprocessor (a central processing unit on a microchip ), memory in the form of read-only memory and random access memory , . Started in 1943, the ENIAC computing system was built by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania. Wang was a successful calculator manufacturer, then a successful word processor company. Its chiclet keyboard was also criticized for poor ergonomics. Later, Sun Microsystems, founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University, also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982. Which of the following is not a quality to look for in well-developed tutorial software? Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the ASR-33 was a popular and inexpensive choice of input and output device for minicomputers and many of the first generation of microcomputers. The success of the Portable inspired many other early IBM-compatible computers. In 1979, Truong sold R2E to Bull. False Drivers are used to communicate with peripheral devices such as monitors, printers, and keyboards. The Simon 1 used relay logic and cost about $600 to build. The machines system of connections and switches let processors broadcast information and requests for help to other processors in a simulation of brain-like associative recall. Used for science and engineering as well as simple data processing, the LGP-30 was a bargain at less than $50,000 and an early example of a personal computer, that is, a computer made for a single user. Scientific and defense applications included studies of human electrophysiology, nuclear weapon simulation, human genome mapping, and global climate change. The PowerBook line of computers was discontinued in 2006. The LEO was Englands first commercial computer and was performing useful work before any other commercial computer system in the world. The popularity of 16-bit computers, such as the Hewlett-Packard 21xx series and the Data General Nova, led the way toward word lengths that were multiples of the 8-bit byte. True The term DBMS is used in reference to spreadsheet software. The Johnniac computer is one of 17 computers that followed the basic design of Princeton's Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer. The TRS-80 line of computers later included color, portable, and handheld versions before being discontinued in the early 1990s. Shortly after delivery of the Atari VCS game console, Atari designs two microcomputers with game capabilities: the Model 400 and Model 800. Created by Presper Eckert and John Mauchly -- designers of the earlier ENIAC computer -- the Univac 1 used 5,200 vacuum tubes and weighed 29,000 pounds. Built by a team led by engineers Frederick Williams and Tom Kilburn, the Mark I serves as the prototype for Ferrantis first computer the Ferranti Mark 1. What do sites such as edshelf, Learning List, What Works Clearinghouse, EdSurge Product Index, and Common Sense Education help teachers with? Advertised as the first 100% IBM PC-compatible computer, the Compaq Portable can run the same software as the IBM PC. Commodores Amiga 1000 is announced with a major event at New York's Lincoln Center featuring celebrities like Andy Warhol and Debbie Harry of the musical group Blondie. Columbia Supercomputer system made up of SGI Altix. The first generation of Palm-produced devices, the Palm 1000 and 5000, are based around a Motorola microprocessor running at 16MHz, and uses a special gestural input language called Graffiti, which is quick to learn and fast. One biblical scholar even used a Univac 1 to compile a concordance to the King James version of the Bible. FoxBase was originally released for the Apple II in 1984, followed by versions for the Commodore 64, IBM PC, and Atari ST. A version for the Macintosh was also released in 1985. Applications that came as part of the package included MacPaint, which made use of the mouse, and MacWrite, which demonstrated WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) word processing. IBM's brand recognition, along with a massive marketing campaign, ignites the fast growth of the personal computer market with the announcement of its own personal computer (PC). If a student is creating within Minecraft or Sims, what type of computer programming products are they designing and making? Motorola went on to create the 68000 series, which became the basis for the Apple Macintosh line of computers. You are designing a controller for a toaster oven. The 1101, designed by ERA but built by Remington-Rand, was intended for high-speed computing and stored 1 million bits on its magnetic drum, one of the earliest magnetic storage devices and a technology which ERA had done much to perfect in its own laboratories. . Intel's first microprocessor, a 1/16-by-1/8-inch chip called the 4004, had the same computing power as the massive ENIAC. Until recently, good microcomputer software for multimedia presentations was not available, but was much in demand by businesses. In 1939, Bell Telephone Laboratories completes this calculator, designed by scientist George Stibitz. Once finally completed, it achieved a computational speed of 200 million instructions per second and 1 billion bits per second of I/O transfer via a unique combination of its parallel architecture and the overlapping or "pipelining" structure of its 64 processing elements. Shareware is a software program that is given away by the author for others to use free of charge. By the early 1990s, Dell became one of the leading computer retailers. The Relay Interpolator used 440 relays, and since it was programmable by paper tape, was used for other applications following the war. The British Broadcasting Corporations Computer Literacy Project hoped to introduce interested adults to the world of computers. Acorn produces a popular computer, the BBC Microcomputer System, so viewers at home could follow along on their own home computers as they watched the program. The NBS also built the Standards Western Automatic Computer (SWAC) at the Institute for Numerical Analysis on the UCLA campus. The primary distinguishing characteristic of modern computers is ____. Hewlett and Packard in their garage workshop. For easy replacement, designers placed each transistor circuit inside a "bottle," similar to a vacuum tube. The Retina display became standard on most of the iPad, iPhone, MacBook, and Apple Watch product lines. Demand called for more than 12,000 of the 1401 computers, and the machines success made a strong case for using general-purpose computers rather than specialized systems. Which of the following is not one of the kinds of interaction that Moore said characterized online courses? Bruce Arthur Artwick (born January 1, 1953) [1] is an American software engineer. The LINC is an early and important example of a personal computer, that is, a computer designed for only one user. The TRS-80 proved popular with schools, as well as for home use. One of the first commercially produced computers, the companys first customer was the US Navy. The micro has to have a real . Apple had initially included a handle in their Macintosh computers to encourage users to take their Macs on the go, though not until five years after the initial introduction does Apple introduce a true portable computer. B. While Sun workstations didn't utilize commodity PC hardware like Linux was later developed for, it represented the . The AGCs first flight was on Apollo 7. Lisa is the first commercial personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI). The machines were used by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to run massive solar energy simulations, as well as some of the most complex molecular studies ever undertaken. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. The TRS-80 was priced at $599.95, included a Z80 microprocessor, video display, 4 KB of memory, a built-in BASIC programming language interpreter, cassette storage, and easy-to-understand manuals that assumed no prior knowledge on the part of the user. In 1940, Stibitz demonstrated the CNC at an American Mathematical Society conference held at Dartmouth College. The Difference Engine #2 at the Science Museum, London. Beginning with the VAX-11/780, the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX family of computers rivals much more expensive mainframe computers in performance and features the ability to address over 4 GB of virtual memory, hundreds of times the capacity of most minicomputers. Marketed as a fast, extremely accurate electronic slide rule with a solid-state memory similar to that of a computer, the HP-35 distinguished itself from its competitors by its ability to perform a broad variety of logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to store more intermediate solutions for later use, and to accept and display entries in a form similar to standard scientific notation. The PC Jr. is marketed as a home computer but is too expensive and limited in performance to compete with many of the other machines in that market. A year later, it steered Apollo 11 to the lunar surface. Let us call it Simon, because of its predecessor, Simple Simon Simon is so simple and so small in fact that it could be built to fill up less space than a grocery-store box; about four cubic feet.. answer choices True Fasle Question 3 30 seconds Q. This is likely the first example of remote access computing. An ecologist, for example, could sprinkle thousands of motes from the air onto a field and measure soil and air temperature, moisture, and sunlight, giving them accurate real-time data about the environment. The ad featured the destruction of Big Brother a veiled reference to IBM -- through the power of personal computing found in a Macintosh. D. The Baby was built to test a new memory technology developed by Williams and Kilburn -- soon known as the Williams Tube which was the first high-speed electronic random access memory for computers. That goes back thousands of years, of course, and you can guess how they did it. The definition of a computer remained the same until the end of the 19th century, when the industrial revolution gave rise to mechanical machines whose primary purpose was . C. Many innovative programs were created for Johnniac, including the time-sharing system JOSS that allowed many users to simultaneously access the machine. Featuring the first graphical user interface (GUI) for IBM -compatible PCs, the Windows OS soon dominated the PC market. The first large commercial computers to use integrated circuits, RCA highlights the IC's advantage over IBMs custom SLT modules. It developed a very loyal following while add-on components allowed it to be upgraded easily. A large parallel processing computer, the ILLIAC IV does not operate until 1972. OS/2 will continue to be used in special The display also used In Plane Switching (IPS) technology, which allowed for a wider viewing angle and improved color accuracy. Select the power connector that is specified by the ATX Version 2.2 standard, which allows more power to the motherboard for PCI Express (PCIe) devices. The ATX is the most commonly used form factor today. In 2012, Apple introduced the Retina display for the MacBook Pro laptop and iPad tablet. It would serve as the model for several other significant multi-processor systems that would be among the fastest in the world. The PROMs What made the Sacramento State computer both so unique--and so expensive--was the programmable read-only memory on its motherboard. What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? Microcomputers are an interesting part of the history of both computing and video games. Plans for the Mark-8 cost $5 and the blank circuit boards were available for $50. Of the dozens of different SWTP kits available, the 6800 proved the most popular. The first offering to the public required the buyer to purchase one to be given to a child in the developing world as a condition of acquiring a machine for themselves. Doug Ross wrote a memo advocating direct access in February. After the war, he concentrated on the development of Princetons Institute for Advanced Studies computer. The Alpha processor designs were eventually acquired by Compaq, which, along with Intel, phased out the Alpha architecture in favor of the HP/Itanium microprocessor. The Commodore 64 was one of the most popular microcomputers of its era, and is the best-selling model of home computers of all time. the _____ screen is the first screen displayed. The 6600 retained the distinction of being the fastest computer in the world until surpassed by its successor, the CDC 7600, in 1968. Subject. spreadsheet program The Z3 was used for aerodynamic calculations but was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in late 1943. He founded Sublogic after graduating from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1977, and released the first version of Flight Simulator for the Apple II in 1979. Assessment instruments may have lower reliability and validity when used with non-native English speakers. The world's first scanned image was made on SEAC by engineer Russell Kirsch in 1957. What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when she has her students link up with local writers who critique the students' stories and email them feedback before their work is finalized and posted online? The roots of the companys name came from the acronym for Stanford University Network (SUN). The touchscreen enabled smartphone also had built-in GPS navigation, high-definition camera, texting, calendar, voice dictation, and weather reports. a. Mac OS b. DOS (Disk Operating System) c. desktop operating system d. Linux 0 points QUESTION 2 1. The Apple Mac computer running the Mac OS System 1 was the first commercially available computer with a graphical user interface. Built as an electro-mechanical means of decrypting Nazi ENIGMA-based military communications during World War II, the British Bombe is conceived of by computer pioneer Alan Turing and Harold Keen of the British Tabulating Machine Company. Apple makes a splash with its Bondi Blue iMac, which sells for about $1,300. This very small home computer is available in the UK as a kit for 79 or pre-assembled for 99. server. The Air incorporated many of the technologies that had been associated with Apple's MacBook line of laptops, including integrated camera, and Wi-Fi capabilities. Because of its speed, small size, and reasonable cost, the PDP-8 was sold by the thousands to manufacturing plants, small businesses, and scientific laboratories around the world. Which is an acknowledged benefit of software with drill and practice functions? At the 2006 World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) announces it will create a program to deliver technology and resources to targeted schools in the least developed countries. SABRE is a joint project between American Airlines and IBM. Though it used a proprietary operating system, RISC OS, the RISC PC could run PC-compatible software using the Acorn PC Card. In his book Giant Brains, Berkeley noted - We shall now consider how we can design a very simple machine that will think. Sold complete with a main logic board, switching power supply, keyboard, case, manual, game paddles, and cassette tape containing the game Breakout, the Apple-II finds popularity far beyond the hobbyist community which made up Apples user community until then. Motes are also known as smart dust, since the intention is that their tiny size and low cost make them inexpensive enough to sprinkle in the real world to as sensors. Working under Tom Kilburn at Englands Manchester University, Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrate a prototype transistorized computer, the "Manchester TC", on November 16, 1953. After the war, Herzstarks Curta made history as the smallest all-mechanical, four-function calculator ever built. Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? The Altair 8800, produced by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) and invented by Ed Roberts, was originally sold as a kit. The PowerBook 170 was the high-end model, featuring an active matrix display, faster processor, as well as a floating point unit. It had two operating modes, one that mirrored the segmented memory of older x86 chips, allowing full backward compatibility, and one that took full advantage of its more advanced technology. The company called it a connected organizer rather than a PDA to emphasize this ability. Almost a million units were ordered on the day of release. David Packard and Bill Hewlett found their company in a Palo Alto, California garage. Paragon systems were used in many scientific areas, including atmospheric and oceanic flow studies, and energy research. and taking up a volume of less than 1 cubic foot. The Mark-8 Do-It-Yourself kit is designed by graduate student John Titus and uses the Intel 8008 microprocessor. Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins. After successfully demonstrating a proof-of-concept prototype in 1939, Professor John Vincent Atanasoff receives funds to build a full-scale machine at Iowa State College (now University). It was eventually housed at NASAs Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. Truong, founder and president of the French company R2E, created the Micral as a replacement for minicomputers in situations that did not require high performance, such as process control and highway toll collection. Originally a joint project with IBM and Microsoft, OS/2 is know maintained by IBM, and was a competitive product to the various MS Windows programs. Lenovo became the largest manufacturer of PCs in the world with the acquisition, later also acquiring IBM's server line of computers. Eventually, SABRE expanded, even making airline reservations available via on-line services such as CompuServe, Genie, and America Online. What do research studies tend to confirm about online learning? General Georges Doriot and his pioneering venture capital firm, American Research and Development, invested $70,000 for 70% of DECs stock to launch the company in 1957. The Mark 1 was a refinement of the experimental Manchester Baby and Manchester Mark 1 computers, also at Manchester University. Upgrade to Quizlet Plus to study with no ads, offline access and even more premium features, like image uploading and scanning to create sets. The title of first commercially available general-purpose computer probably goes to Britains Ferranti Mark I for its sale of its first Mark I computer to Manchester University. Univac computers were used in many different applications but utilities, insurance companies and the US military were major customers. Within weeks of its appearance, customers inundated its maker, MITS, with orders. The 2116A also marked HP's first use of integrated circuits in a commercial product. The First Microcomputer: Altair 8800. Gates and Allen started Microsoftoriginally called Micro-Soft, for microprocessors and. System control was provided through the Atlas Supervisor, which some consider to be the first true operating system. University of Manchester researchers Frederic Williams, Tom Kilburn, and Geoff Toothill develop the Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), better known as the Manchester "Baby." What is a typical classroom application for instructional games? True/False True The most controversial changes to Windows in Windows 8 were the GUI. What type of web-based creation is produced when a teacher has art students sketchnoting about a visiting artist's lecture? Commodore even used Star Trek television star William Shatner in advertisements. The ABC was at the center of a patent dispute related to the invention of the computer, which was resolved in 1973 when it was shown that ENIAC co-designer John Mauchly had seen the ABC shortly after it became functional. The VAIO line of computers would be best known for laptops were designed with communications and audio-video capabilities at the forefront, including innovative designs that incorporated TV and radio tuners, web cameras, and handwriting recognition. The Amiga sold for $1,295 (without monitor) and had audio and video capabilities beyond those found in most other personal computers. The first IBM system to include Intels 80386 chip, the company ships more than 1 million units by the end of the first year.